This report delves into the importance of monitoring frameworks for achieving climate and energy targets, emphasising how these frameworks ensure progress towards carbon neutrality and net-zero emissions. It highlights the role of monitoring, reporting, and evaluation in driving effective climate policies and outlines key insights from case studies of the UK, EU, Germany, US, Japan, and South Korea. The report offers valuable guidance for Southeast Asian countries in developing tailored monitoring systems to support their energy transitions and meet global climate goals.